Guidelines for VMware module development

The Ansible VMware collection (on Galaxy, source code repository) is maintained by the VMware Working Group. For more information see the team community page.

Testing with govcsim

Most of the existing modules are covered by functional tests. The tests are located here.

By default, the tests run against a vCenter API simulator called govcsim. ansible-test will automatically pull a govcsim container and use it to set-up the test environment.

You can trigger the test of a module manually with the ansible-test command. For example, to trigger vcenter_folder tests:

source hacking/env-setup
ansible-test integration --python 3.7 vcenter_folder

govcsim is handy because it is much faster than a regular test environment. However, govcsim does not support all the ESXi or vCenter features.

Note

Do not confuse govcsim with vcsim. vcsim is an older and outdated version of vCenter simulator, whereas govcsim is new and written in Go language.

Testing with your own infrastructure

You can also target a regular VMware environment. This paragraph explains step by step how you can run the test-suite yourself.

Requirements

  • 2 ESXi hosts (6.5 or 6.7)

    • with 2 NIC, the second ones should be available for the test

  • a VCSA host

  • a NFS server

  • Python dependencies:

If you want to deploy your test environment in a hypervisor, both VMware or Libvirt work well.

NFS server configuration

Your NFS server must expose the following directory structure:

$ tree /srv/share/
/srv/share/
├── isos
│   ├── base.iso
│   ├── centos.iso
│   └── fedora.iso
└── vms
2 directories, 3 files

On a Linux system, you can expose the directory over NFS with the following export file:

$ cat /etc/exports
/srv/share  192.168.122.0/255.255.255.0(rw,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)

Note

With this configuration all the new files will be owned by the user with the UID and GID 1000/1000. Adjust the configuration to match your user’s UID/GID.

The service can be enabled with:

$ sudo systemctl enable --now nfs-server

Configure your installation

Prepare a configuration file that describes your set-up. The file should be called test/integration/cloud-config-vcenter.ini and based on test/lib/ansible_test/config/cloud-config-vcenter.ini.template. For instance, if you have deployed your lab with vmware-on-libvirt:

[DEFAULT]
vcenter_username: [email protected]
vcenter_password: !234AaAa56
vcenter_hostname: vcenter.test
vmware_validate_certs: false
esxi1_hostname: esxi1.test
esxi1_username: root
esxi1_password: root
esxi2_hostname: test2.test
esxi2_username: root
esxi2_password: root

Using an HTTP proxy

Hosting test infrastructure behind an HTTP proxy is supported. You can specify the location of the proxy server with the two extra keys:

vmware_proxy_host: esxi1-gw.ws.testing.ansible.com
vmware_proxy_port: 11153

In addition, you may need to adjust the variables of the following var files to match the configuration of your lab. If you use vmware-on-libvirt to prepare your lab, you do not have anything to change.

Run the test-suite

Once your configuration is ready, you can trigger a run with the following command:

source hacking/env-setup
VMWARE_TEST_PLATFORM=static ansible-test integration --python 3.7 vmware_host_firewall_manager

vmware_host_firewall_manager is the name of the module to test.

vmware_guest is much larger than any other test role and is rather slow. You can enable or disable some of its test playbooks in main.yml.

Unit-test

The VMware modules have limited unit-test coverage. You can run the test suite with the following commands:

source hacking/env-setup
ansible-test units --venv --python 3.7 '.*vmware.*'

Code style and best practice

datacenter argument with ESXi

The datacenter parameter should not use ha-datacenter by default. This is because the user may not realize that Ansible silently targets the wrong data center.

esxi_hostname should not be mandatory

Depending upon the functionality provided by ESXi or vCenter, some modules can seamlessly work with both. In this case, esxi_hostname parameter should be optional.

if self.is_vcenter():
    esxi_hostname = module.params.get('esxi_hostname')
    if not esxi_hostname:
        self.module.fail_json("esxi_hostname parameter is mandatory")
    self.host = self.get_all_host_objs(cluster_name=cluster_name, esxi_host_name=esxi_hostname)[0]
else:
    self.host = find_obj(self.content, [vim.HostSystem], None)
if self.host is None:
    self.module.fail_json(msg="Failed to find host system.")

Example should use the fully qualified collection name (FQCN)

Use FQCN for examples within module documentation. For instance, you should use community.vmware.vmware_guest instead of just vmware_guest.

This way, the examples do not depend on the collections directive of the playbook.

Functional tests

Writing new tests

If you are writing a new collection of integration tests, there are a few VMware-specific things to note beyond the standard Ansible integration testing process.

The test-suite uses a set of common, pre-defined vars located in prepare_vmware_tests role. The resources defined there are automatically created by importing that role at the start of your test:

- import_role:
    name: prepare_vmware_tests
  vars:
    setup_datacenter: true

This will give you a ready to use cluster, datacenter, datastores, folder, switch, dvswitch, ESXi hosts, and VMs.

No need to create too much resources

Most of the time, it’s not necessary to use with_items to create multiple resources. By avoiding it, you speed up the test execution and you simplify the clean up afterwards.

VM names should be predictable

If you need to create a new VM during your test, you can use test_vm1, test_vm2 or test_vm3. This way it will be automatically clean up for you.

Avoid the common boiler plate code in your test playbook

From Ansible 2.10, the test suite uses modules_defaults. This module allow us to preinitialize the following default keys of the VMware modules:

  • hostname

  • username

  • password

  • validate_certs

For example, the following block:

- name: Add a VMware vSwitch
  community.vmware.vmware_vswitch:
    hostname: '{{ vcenter_hostname }}'
    username: '{{ vcenter_username }}'
    password: '{{ vcenter_password }}'
    validate_certs: 'no'
    esxi_hostname: 'esxi1'
    switch_name: "boby"
    state: present

should be simplified to just:

- name: Add a VMware vSwitch
  community.vmware.vmware_vswitch:
    esxi_hostname: 'esxi1'
    switch_name: "boby"
    state: present

Typographic convention

Nomenclature

We try to enforce the following rules in our documentation:

  • VMware, not VMWare or vmware

  • ESXi, not esxi or ESXI

  • vCenter, not vcenter or VCenter

We also refer to vcsim’s Go implementation with govcsim. This to avoid any confusion with the outdated implementation.