Windows Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some commonly asked questions in regard to Ansible and Windows and their answers.

Note

This document covers questions about managing Microsoft Windows servers with Ansible. For questions about Ansible Core, please see the general FAQ page.

Does Ansible work with Windows XP or Server 2003?

Ansible does not work with Windows XP or Server 2003 hosts. Ansible does work with these Windows operating system versions:

Windows Server 2016
Windows Server 2019
Windows Server 2022
Windows 10
Windows 11

Support for Windows Server 2008, 2008 R2, and Windows 7 ended in the 2.10 release. Support for Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, Windows 8, and 8.1 ended in the 2.16 release.

Ansible also has minimum PowerShell version requirements - please see Setting up a Windows Host for the latest information.

Can I manage Windows Nano Server with Ansible?

Ansible does not currently work with Windows Nano Server, since it does not have access to the full .NET Framework that is used by the majority of the modules and internal components.

Can Ansible run on Windows?

No, Ansible can only manage Windows hosts. Ansible cannot run on a Windows host natively, though it can run under the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).

Note

The Windows Subsystem for Linux is not supported by Ansible and should not be used for production systems.

To install Ansible on WSL, the following commands can be run in the bash terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-pip git libffi-dev libssl-dev -y
pip install --user ansible pywinrm

To run Ansible from source instead of a release on the WSL, simply uninstall the pip installed version and then clone the git repo.

pip uninstall ansible -y
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
source ansible/hacking/env-setup

# To enable Ansible on login, run the following
echo ". ~/ansible/hacking/env-setup -q' >> ~/.bashrc

If you encounter timeout errors when running Ansible on the WSL, this may be due to an issue with sleep not returning correctly. The following workaround may resolve the issue:

mv /usr/bin/sleep /usr/bin/sleep.orig
ln -s /bin/true /usr/bin/sleep

Another option is to use WSL 2 if running Windows 10 later than build 2004.

wsl --set-default-version 2

Can I use SSH keys to authenticate to Windows hosts?

You cannot use SSH keys with the WinRM or PSRP connection plugins. These connection plugins use X509 certificates for authentication instead of the SSH key pairs that SSH uses.

The way X509 certificates are generated and mapped to a user is different from the SSH implementation; consult the Windows Remote Management documentation for more information.

Ansible 2.8 has added an experimental option to use the SSH connection plugin, which uses SSH keys for authentication, for Windows servers. See this question for more information.

Why can I run a command locally that does not work under Ansible?

Ansible executes commands through WinRM. These processes are different from running a command locally in these ways:

Unless using an authentication option like CredSSP or Kerberos with credential delegation, the WinRM process cannot delegate the user’s credentials to a network resource, causing Access is Denied errors.
All processes run under WinRM are in a non-interactive session. Applications that require an interactive session will not work.
When running through WinRM, Windows restricts access to internal Windows APIs like the Windows Update API and DPAPI, which some installers and programs rely on.

Some ways to bypass these restrictions are to:

Use become, which runs a command as it would when run locally. This will bypass most WinRM restrictions, as Windows is unaware the process is running under WinRM when become is used. See the Understanding privilege escalation: become documentation for more information.
Use a scheduled task, which can be created with win_scheduled_task. Like become, it will bypass all WinRM restrictions, but it can only be used to run commands, not modules.
Use win_psexec to run a command on the host. PSExec does not use WinRM and so will bypass any of the restrictions.
To access network resources without any of these workarounds, you can use CredSSP or Kerberos with credential delegation enabled.

See Understanding privilege escalation: become more info on how to use become. The limitations section at Windows Remote Management has more details about WinRM limitations.

This program won’t install on Windows with Ansible

See this question for more information about WinRM limitations.

What Windows modules are available?

Most of the Ansible modules in Ansible Core are written for a combination of Linux/Unix machines and arbitrary web services. These modules are written in Python and most of them do not work on Windows.

Because of this, there are dedicated Windows modules that are written in PowerShell and are meant to be run on Windows hosts. A list of these modules can be found here.

In addition, the following Ansible Core modules/action-plugins work with Windows:

add_host
assert
async_status
debug
fail
fetch
group_by
include
include_role
include_vars
meta
pause
raw
script
set_fact
set_stats
setup
slurp
template (also: win_template)
wait_for_connection

Ansible Windows modules exist in the Ansible.Windows, Community.Windows, and Chocolatey.Chocolatey collections.

Can I run Python modules on Windows hosts?

No, the WinRM connection protocol is set to use PowerShell modules, so Python modules will not work. A way to bypass this issue is to use delegate_to: localhost to run a Python module on the Ansible control node. This is useful if during a playbook, an external service needs to be contacted and there is no equivalent Windows module available.

Can I connect to Windows hosts over SSH?

Ansible 2.8 has added an experimental option to use the SSH connection plugin to manage Windows hosts. To connect to Windows hosts over SSH, you must install and configure the Win32-OpenSSH fork that is in development with Microsoft on the Windows host(s). While most of the basics should work with SSH, Win32-OpenSSH is rapidly changing, with new features added and bugs fixed in every release. It is highly recommend you install the latest release of Win32-OpenSSH from the GitHub Releases page when using it with Ansible on Windows hosts.

To use SSH as the connection to a Windows host, set the following variables in the inventory:

ansible_connection=ssh

# Set either cmd or powershell not both
ansible_shell_type=cmd
# ansible_shell_type=powershell

The value for ansible_shell_type should either be cmd or powershell. Use cmd if the DefaultShell has not been configured on the SSH service and powershell if that has been set as the DefaultShell.

Why is connecting to a Windows host through SSH failing?

Unless you are using Win32-OpenSSH as described above, you must connect to Windows hosts using Windows Remote Management. If your Ansible output indicates that SSH was used, either you did not set the connection vars properly or the host is not inheriting them correctly.

Make sure ansible_connection: winrm is set in the inventory for the Windows host(s).

Why are my credentials being rejected?

This can be due to a myriad of reasons unrelated to incorrect credentials.

See HTTP 401/Credentials Rejected at Setting up a Windows Host for a more detailed guide of this could mean.

Why am I getting an error SSL CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED?

When the Ansible control node is running on Python 2.7.9+ or an older version of Python that has backported SSLContext (like Python 2.7.5 on RHEL 7), the control node will attempt to validate the certificate WinRM is using for an HTTPS connection. If the certificate cannot be validated (such as in the case of a self-signed cert), it will fail the verification process.

To ignore certificate validation, add ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation: ignore to inventory for the Windows host.